Language Information

Romanian alphabet

A a

Ă ă

 â

B b

C c

D d

E e

F f

G g

H h

I i

Î î

J j

K k

a

ă

â

be

ce

de

e

fe/ef

ghe/ge

ha/haş

i

î

je

ka

L l

M m

N n

O o

P p

R r

S s

Ş ş

T t

Ţ ţ

U u

V v

X x

Z z

le/el

me/em

ne/en

p

pe

re/er

se/es

şe

te

ţe

u

ve

ics

zet

Q, W and Y are also used but only in foreign loanwords.

Pronunciation

Notes

• c = [ ʧ ] before i or e, but [ k ] elsewhere
• g = [ ʤ ] before i or e, but [ g ] elsewhere
• ch = [ k ] before i or e
• gh = [ g ] before i or e
• k, q, w and y only appear in loan words

Grammar

In Romanian, definite articles are attached to the end of the noun while indefinite article is placed before the noun.

Romanian has three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. Neuter nouns behave in the singular as masculine nouns and in the plural as feminine nouns.

Syntactically, Romanian nouns can be in any of five grammatical cases:

· nominative, when the noun is the subject;

· genitive, when the noun shows the possessor;

· dative, when the noun shows the receiver of an action;

· accusative, when the noun is the object;

· vocative, when the noun shows the (usually animate) addressee of what is said.

Adjectives always define a noun or pronoun, numeral or copulativ verb, so they can only fulfill the syntactical functions of attribute and predicative denominator.

An adjective also can have stages of comparison:

• Positive Stage
• Comparative Stage

- Of superiority

- Of equality

- Of inferiority

• Superlative Stage

- Relative

§ Of superiority

§ Of inferiority

- Absolute

There are eight personal pronouns in Romanian:

		Singular	Plural
First person		eu	noi
Second person		tu	voi
Third person	Masc.	el	ei
	Fem.	ea	ele

They are usually omitted in Romanian unless required to disambiguate the meaning of a sentence. Usually, the verb ending provides information about the subject.

There are four verb groups, each having a different infinitive ending:

• -a
• -e
• -ea
• -i, -î

Prepositions before a noun determines their case.

• For Nominative there are no prepositions.
• For Accusative we have:

- pe + Direct Object(for names)

- cu, de la, and other + Indirect Object

- la, and other + Circumstantial Objects

- pentru + Attribute

• For Dative we have only:

- graţie

- datorită

- mulţumită

- conform

- contrar

- potrivit

- aidoma

- asemenea

• For Genitive there are all the others.

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